Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Dentists in One of the Poorest Brazilian States: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dentists' income and to identify associated factors in one of the poorest Brazilian states. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study including dentists who volunteered to answer an electronic questionnaire in Maranhão. Hierarchical multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed, estimating crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) (alpha=5%). Results: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the professionals´ income negatively [55.44% (50.26-60.52%)] and also positively [6.9% (4.55-9.94%)]. The negative impact on income was greater among male dentists (OR=2.54; 95%CI: 1.16-5.53), over 30 years of age (OR=3.03; 95%CI: 1.34-6.87), with family income below two minimum wages (OR=4.63; 95%CI: 1.50-14.30), who worked in the continent instead of in the capital island (OR=2.21; 95%CI: 1.14-4.29) and in the private sector (OR=31.43; 95%CI: 11.59-85.22). Moreover, those who had been tested for COVID-19, with a negative result, had a 21.3-fold greater chance of having an increased household income when compared to those who had not been tested. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the dentists' income in Maranhão, especially the older, males, with lower incomes, and who worked in the private sector, living far from the capital. The SUS played an important role in the social protection of dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic, mitigating the economic impacts on the public sector working class.

Avaliação da satisfação do usuário no serviço de saúde bucal: revisão integrativa da literatura / Evaluation of patient satisfaction in the oral health service: integrative literature review

Resumo Introdução A avaliação da satisfação de usuários no serviço de saúde bucal tem sua relevância enquanto medida de efeito da atenção à saúde, sobre os aspectos biopsicossociais dos usuários, contudo são escassos os estudos de revisão de literatura sobre o tema. Objetivo Esta revisão integrativa buscou analisar os estudos de avaliação da satisfação de usuários em serviços de saúde bucal, segundo as características metodológicas dos artigos, atributos utilizados, perfil dos usuários e fatores relacionados à satisfação, bem como potencialidades e limitações dos estudos. Método Foi executada uma busca nas bases de dados BBO, Pubmed e Lilacs, para leitura de títulos e resumos e inclusão dos estudos sobre avaliação da satisfação de usuários em serviços de saúde bucal, utilizando os descritores "saúde bucal" e "satisfação do paciente". Resultados A satisfação esteve associada à autopercepção quanto à saúde bucal, às relações humanas entre usuários e profissionais, à forma de agendamento de consultas. A principal limitação encontrada foi a predominância de respostas positivas dos usuários, devido ao "viés de gratidão" e ao grau de subjetividade na determinação da satisfação. Conclusão As pesquisas apresentam potencialidades quanto ao controle social, empoderamento do usuário e qualificação da gestão e planejamento da atenção odontológica.

Abstract Background The assessment of the satisfaction of patient in the oral health service has its relevance as a measure of effect of health care, on the biopsychosocial aspects of patients, however the literature review studies on the subject are scarce. Objective This integrative review aimed to analyze the studies evaluating the satisfaction of patient in oral health services, according to the methodological characteristics of the research articles, attributes used, patients' profile and factors related to satisfaction, and the potential and limitations of the studies. Method A search was performed on the databases BBO, Pubmed e Lilacs, for inclusion of studies about satisfaction of patient in the oral health service, 02 descriptors were used: "oral health" and "patient satisfaction". Results Satisfaction was associated with self-perception about oral health, human relations between patients and professionals, and the way to scheduling consultations. The main limitation found was the predominance of positive responses from patients, due to the "gratitude bias" and the subjectivity in determining satisfaction. Conclusion This research has potential in terms of social control, user empowerment and qualification of management and planning of dental care.

Estudo comparativo entre indicadores assistenciais de saúde bucal na Atenção Básica em Recife, Pernambuco / Oral healthcare comparative study among indicators in Primary Care, in Recife, Pernambuco

RESUMO A rede de atenção à Saúde Bucal (SB) se ampliou com a Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal, sendo os indicadores ferramentas para avaliar conquistas ou necessidade de mudanças. Este trabalho objetivou analisar indicadores de SB da Atenção Básica por tipo de organização das unidades de saúde em Recife, 2018. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de natureza descritiva e analítica com base em dados secundários. Analisou-se a associação entre tipos de organização da Atenção Básica (Unidade de Saúde da Família - USF; Upinha e Unidade Básica Tradicional - UBT) e indicadores assistenciais de SB, através dos testes qui-quadrado e Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05). A cobertura de primeira consulta odontológica e os procedimentos odontológicos per capita apresentaram mediana maior nas UBT, 31,8% (p=0,00) e 0,6 (p=0,127), respectivamente. A proporção de exodontia e procedimentos clínicos foi maior nas USF com mediana 8,2% (p=0,703). As USF foram as que realizaram o maior número de atividades coletivas de escovação dental supervisionada (45,3%, p=0,082) e aplicação de flúor (44,6%, p=0,174). Conclui-se que as UBT apresentaram melhores resultados nos indicadores relacionados ao acesso ao tratamento clínico e as USF realizaram mais ações coletivas de prevenção.

ABSTRACT The Oral Health care network (OH) has expanded with the National Oral Health Policy, and the indicators are tools to assess achievements or the need for changes. This study aimed to analyze the OH indicators of Primary Care Basic by health units organization type in Recife, 2018. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive and analytical study, based on secondary data. The association between organization type of Primary Care (Family Health Unity/USF; Upinha and Traditional Basic Health Unit/UBT) and OH assistance indicators was analyzed using the chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p<0,05). The first dental appointment coverage and the average number of procedures per capita showed a higher median in the UBT, 31,8% (p=0,00) and 0,6 (p=0,127), respectively. The tooth extraction proportion was higher in the USF, with a median of 8,2% (p=0,703). The USF were the ones that performed the largest number of collective activities of supervised tooth brushing (45.3%, p=0.082) and fluoride application (44.6%, p=0.174). It is concluded that the UBT showed better results in the indicators related to access to clinical treatment and the USF performed more collective activities.

Atenção odontológica especializada para pessoas com deficiência no Brasil: perfil dos centros de especialidades odontológicas, 2014 / Atención odontológica especializada para personas con discapacidad en Brasil: perfil de los centros de especialidades odontológicas, 2014 / Specialized dental care for people with disabilities in Brazil: profile of the Dental Specialty Centers, 2014

Objetivo: Descrever os serviços de atenção à saúde bucal para pessoas com deficiência, atendidas pela especialidade Odontologia para Pacientes com Necessidades Especiais (PNE). Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade dos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (PMAQ-CEO), 2014. Resultados: Dos 932 serviços avaliados, 89,8% contavam com atendimento a PNEs, 30,4% apresentavam acessibilidade física e 59,7% contavam com referência para atendimento hospitalar. A maioria garantia tratamento completo. São disponibilizadas 40h semanais de atendimento clínico a PNEs em 1/3 dos CEOs. Conclusão: A rede de cuidado para pessoas com deficiência encontra-se em formação e, apesar dos incentivos financeiros específicos, apresenta limitações. Os serviços precisam eliminar barreiras físicas e atitudinais para garantir acessibilidade universal. Protocolos baseados em classificação de risco são necessários, priorizando atendimento no CEO dos casos complexos, não atendidos na Atenção Básica e organizando a rede de cuidados em saúde bucal da pessoa com deficiência.

Objetivo: Describir los servicios de atención a la salud bucal para personas con discapacidad, atendidos por la especialidad Odontología para Pacientes con Necesidades Especiales (PNE). Métodos: Estudio transversal, con datos del Programa de Mejora del Acceso y Calidad de los Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas (PMAC-CEO), 2014. Resultados: Se evaluaron 932 servicios: 89,8% contaba con atención a los PNEs, 30,4% tenía accesibilidad física y 59,7% tenía referencia para atención hospitalaria. La mayoría garantía tratamiento completo. Sólo 1/3 ofrecían 40hs semanales de atención PNE. Conclusión: La red de atención para personas con discapacidades se está formando, y a pesar de los incentivos financieros específicos, tiene limitaciones. Los servicios necesitan eliminar las barreras físicas y de actitud para garantizar la accesibilidad universal. Protocolos basados en clasificación de riesgo son necesarios, priorizando la atención en el CEO de los casos complejos, no atendidos en la atención básica y organizando la red de atención en salud bucal de la persona con discapacidad.

Objective: To describe the oral health care services for people with disabilities treated within the Dentistry for Patients with Special Needs (PSN) specialty. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with data from the Program for Improving Access and Quality of Dental Specialty Centers (PMAQ-CEO) in 2014. Results: Of the total of 932 services evaluated, 89.8% did provide care for PSNs, 30.4% had physical accessibility, 59.7% provided referral to hospital care and most guaranteed complete treatment. Only a third of the Dental Specialty Centers planned 40 or more hours a week for providing clinical care to PSNs. Conclusion: The care network for people with disabilities is being formed but, even with specific financial incentives, it has limitations. Services need to eliminate physical and attitudinal barriers to ensure universal accessibility. Protocols based on risk classification are necessary, prioritizing care at DSCs for complex cases not attended to in Primary Care and organizing the dental health care network for people with disabilities.

Development and validation of the Logical Model of the Neonatal Hearing Screening Program / Construção e validação do Modelo Lógico do Programa de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal

ABSTRACT Purpose: to develop and validate the logical model of the Neonatal Hearing Screening Program in the hearing health network. Methods: a methodological developmental research aimed to build the logical model of the Neonatal Hearing Screening Program and validate its content through a "consensus conference". The research was carried out in three stages: 1) Literature review, analysis of the normative documents, and official recommendations regarding the Neonatal Hearing Screening; 2) Development of the logical model; 3) Validation of the logical model through rounds of consultation with specialists. Results: based on the documentary analysis, the logical model was designed in three dimensions: (1) Education in Hearing Health, (2) Neonatal Hearing Screening, and (3) Administration. It was validated based on the judgment of specialists in the field. After the validation process, three variables in the "process" and one in the "structure" aspects, were adjusted, whereas another two aspects in "process" were excluded. Conclusion: the logical model presented the dimensions, activities, and results of the Neonatal Hearing Screening Program in practical and clear terms. Hence, it is useful not only to communicate and announce its results, but also to offer support to future evaluative research in the field of neonatal hearing health.

RESUMO Objetivos: elaborar e validar o modelo lógico do Programa de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal na rede de saúde auditiva. Métodos: estudo do tipo pesquisa de desenvolvimento metodológico com vistas a elaboração do Modelo Lógico do Programa de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal e sua respectiva validação de conteúdo por meio da "conferência de consenso". A pesquisa foi realizada em 3 etapas: 1) revisão de literatura, análise de documentos normativos e recomendações oficiais acerca da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal; 2) elaboração do modelo lógico; e 3) validação do mesmo por meio de rodadas de consulta a especialistas. Resultados: a análise documental possibilitou a delineação de um modelo lógico distribuído em três dimensões: (1) Educação em Saúde Auditiva, (2) Triagem Auditiva Neonatal e (3) Gestão, o qual foi validado com base no julgamento de especialistas na área. Após o processo de validação, três variáveis no aspecto "processo" e uma no aspecto "estrutura" receberam ajustes e duas variáveis do aspecto processo foram excluídas. Conclusão: o modelo lógico explicitou as dimensões, atividades e resultados do Programa de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal de forma prática e clara, podendo auxiliar tanto o processo de comunicação e divulgação de seus resultados, como também para oferecer subsídios para futuras pesquisas avaliativas na área da saúde auditiva neonatal.

Validation of an indicator matrix for the assessment of the Neonatal Hearing Screening Program / Validação de uma matriz de indicadores para avaliação do Programa de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal

ABSTRACT Purpose: to validate an indicator matrix to assess the Neonatal Hearing Screening Program (NHSP). Methods: methodology development research. A total of 13 speech-language-hearing therapists with a specialization in audiology and/or at least three-year experience in neonatal hearing screening participated in the validation process. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected to develop the indicator matrix, which was then submitted to the validation process. The results of the specialists' evaluation, in this stage, were quantitatively analyzed with the item content validation index (I-CVI) and scale content validation index (S-CVI). Results: regarding the indicators classified as quite or fully adequate, the mean I-CVI was the same as the mean S-CVI (0.95), evidencing excellence in their content validity. Concerning the scores classified as quite or fully adequate, the I-CVI mean was also identical to that of S-CVI (0.83), thus, reaching a consensus. Conclusion: this matrix with 33 indicators that had their content validated with consensus, will consistently contribute to assessing NHS services in Brazil.

RESUMO Objetivo: validar uma matriz de indicadores para avaliação do Programa de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal (PTAN). Métodos: pesquisa de desenvolvimento metodológico. Participaram do processo de validação 13 fonoaudiólogos com especialização em audiologia e/ou experiência em triagem auditiva neonatal por um período igual ou superior a 3 anos. Foram coletados dados quantitativos e qualitativos para elaboração da matriz de indicadores que, em seguida, foi submetida ao processo de validação. Os resultados da avaliação dos especialistas, nesta etapa, foram analisados quantitativamente por meio do Índice de Validação de Conteúdo por Item (I-IVC) e do Índice de Validação de Conteúdo por Escala (S-IVC). Resultados: quanto aos indicadores classificados como bastante ou totalmente adequados, a média do I-IVC foi igual a do S-IVC (0,95), o que evidenciou a excelência na validade de seu conteúdo. Em relação às Pontuações classificadas como bastante ou totalmente adequadas, a média do I-IVC também foi idêntica a do S-IVC (0,83), tendo sido considerada a obtenção do consenso. Conclusão: um conjunto de 33 indicadores foram validados no aspecto do conteúdo com a obtenção do consenso, cuja utilização poderá contribuir consistentemente para a avaliação dos serviços de TAN existentes no Brasil.

Characterization of Dental Surgeons of Pernambuco State in the COVID-19 Pandemic Context: Preliminary Data

Abstract Objective: To present the results of preliminary research on the characterization of dental surgeons in the state of Pernambuco, during a pandemic of COVID-19. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory study, whose population was composed of dental surgeons with active enrollment in the Regional Dentistry Council of Pernambuco. Data collection was performed using an electronic form and included characterization of professionals (gender, age, time since graduation, marital status, family income and field of work) and health status (vaccination schedule, presence of comorbidities, biosafety knowledge and testing for COVID-19). Preliminary data correspond to the first week of collection, which were analyzed from the frequency, proportions, and measures of central tendency distributions. Results: Of the 363 dental surgeons, for the field of work, 38.6% work in both the public and private sectors. Comorbidities related to the worsening of COVID-19 were identified in 35.0% of participants, 24.5% are not up to date with influenza and hepatitis vaccines, and 79.3% have not been tested for COVID-19. Regarding the biosafety instructions for COVID-19, 30.7% received no training. Conclusion: It is necessary to immunize dental surgeons to prevent immunological diseases and expansion of the testing capacity for COVID-19, especially for professionals belonging to the risk group. In addition to guaranteeing the offer of qualification courses on biosafety, which is essential for the safe resumption of activities.

Evaluation of Specialized Oral Health Procedures Performed in Brazil in the Period from 2008 to 2012

Objective: To analyze the correlations between the production of specialized dental procedures from 2008 to 2012 and factors related to the services and context of the Brazilian states. Material and Methods: A quantitative ecological-type study was developed, in which secondary data from Brazilian national databases were used. Procedures for outpatient production of specialized procedures throughout Brazil, from 2008 to 2012, were consolidated from the offering state, the state of the federation being the analysis unit. In order to collect data on coverage by oral health family teams in the Family Health Strategy, as well as the number of CEOs per state, the Strategic Support Management Room (SAGE) was accessed. The corresponding indicator mean proportion of specialized procedures in Brazil (Pmb) was used as dependent variable. Correlations were tested using Spearman's test. The software was Statistical Package for Social Sciences, v. 17.0, with a level of significance of 5%. Results: Pmb was 4.9% for the evaluated period. There was a negative correlation between indicator and the coverage of oral health teams in the family health strategy. Conclusion: The correlations analyzed were influenced by the organization and distribution of the professionals' workforce; revealing that the non-organization of the health care network may increase the performance of specialized procedures resulting from spontaneous demand due to the poor basic care coverage.

Equity in the Accessibility to Specialized Care in Oral Health in Brazil: Analysis of PMAQ-CEO External Evaluation Data According to the User's Perspective

Objective: To analyze the distribution of Centers of Dental Specialties (CEO) implemented in Brazil until 2014 and identify the contextual and individual variables associated with the geographical accessibility, considering the user's perspective. Material and Methods: The study was conducted with data from the Improving Access and Quality of CEOs (AVE/PMAQ CEO) External Evaluation and contextual characteristics of states and municipalities. The AVE/PMAQ CEO was an evaluative research with cross-sectional observational character, performed in all CEOs in Brazil, with 932 services evaluated and 8,897 users interviewed. Data analysis was conducted in two stages, considering the study dimensions. Analyses were conducted on the availability of units by region, state, population size of the municipality and contextual variables. Then, the relationship between explanatory variables and the user's displacement time and with the intention to change the service location was evaluated using generalized linear regression analysis. Results: The 932 CEOs evaluated were located in 780 of the 5,570 municipalities of the country and the majority was located in the northeastern (38.3%) and southeastern regions (36.2%), with the northern and midwestern regions presenting the lowest absolute number of units. The average displacement time to the CEO was 28.4 minutes, while the intention to change CEO location due to the distance from home was reported by 7.8% of users. Lower geographical accessibility was reported in the northern region and for individuals who reported living in the rural area and in cities with larger populations. Conclusion: The availability of CEOs in the country is still low and not equitably distributed among states and regions.

A Web-Based Tool for Monitoring and Evaluating Health Care Services: An Analysis of Centers for Dental Specialties Webpage

Objective: To evaluate the quality of Centers for Dental Specialties (CEO) using an electronic tool - the CEO webpage. Material and Methods: Evaluative research was carried out through the use of a web-based tool, which has two modules with forms for the evaluation of quality of CEO components to Managers and Professionals. The tool generates classification scores and recommendation letters according to the score obtained. Satisfactory classification was used for scores equal to or above 7.0 and unsatisfactory for scores lower than 7.0. Representatives of manager and professionals of CEOs who attended the invitation of the research were qualified to use the CEO webpage. Portal data were analyzed in a descriptive way and the average scores were tested according to service and context variables. Results: Thirty-eight health facilities were evaluated. The average score for CEOs was rated as satisfactory for both the Manager and Professional modules. However, when quality components were evaluated, there was higher concentration of unsatisfactory scores to those related to the work process, particularly to the quality components of Personnel Management; Social control and Financing; and, Organizational Criteria. Conclusion: The CEO webpage, for instantly generating evaluation and recommendations for change, is easy to handle and lacks minimal technological resources (computer with access to the internet network), has become a tool for information management that allows immediate decision making. In addition, they can make a major contribution to planning / management support in identifying critical aspects of the service that impair quality, with strong potential to serve as supplementary institutional support to PMAQ / CEO. Initiatives such as the CEO webpage should be encouraged and disseminated for use within Unified Health System.

Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of the External Evaluation of the Improvement, Access and Quality of Centers for Dental Specialties Program

Objective: To introduce the main theoretical and methodological aspects of the external evaluation of the 1st cycle National Program for Quality Evaluation (AEPMAQ/ CEO). Material and Methods: This is an evaluative and quantitative research carried out in all Centers for Dental Specialties - CEO of Brazil, and macro-geographical regions were taken into account for analysis. The general AE-PMAQ/CEO coordination was from the Collaborative Centre for Oral Health Surveillance of the Ministry of Health - Federal University of Pernambuco and Department for Primary Health Care of the Ministry of Health. A collaborative network was established to offer a scientific and technical support for the Project among different higher education institutions around the country, state oral health coordination and quality researchers of AE-PMAQ/CEO. Data collection was carried out through interviews with managers, dentists and users. In addition, researchers used an observation template to check for infrastructure and a questionnaire to register previously discussed quality standards. Conclusion: The external evaluation of the 1st cycle National Program for Quality Evaluation offered data to demonstrate and give recognition to CEO services and municipalities' managers to assure quality for specialized dental care.

Análise da Intersetorialidade no Programa Saúde na Escola / Cross-sectorial Analysis in the Health at Schools Program

RESUMO A pesquisa objetivou conhecer e analisar o processo da intersetorialidade no Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE)em um município da região metropolitana de Pernambuco. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que abordou, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, profissionais da saúde e da educaçãonas 20 primeiras escolas que aderiram ao PSE desde seu lançamento no município. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin, associada ao programa computacional NVivo®, assim como também foi utilizado o diário de campo. A pesquisa revelou que o maior dilema é operar uma política necessariamente intersetorial, explicitada num ambiente com atores que possuem agendas setoriais previamente montadas e sem espaço suficiente para a correta execução da política, o que leva à dificuldade de conciliar os tempos institucionais dos vários setores e o comprometimento e envolvimento setorial, impedindo a sustentabilidade das ações. Mudanças estão sendo implementadas, mas o que se observa é a escassez de capacitação e educação permanente, além da inexistência de protocolos que norteiem o desenvolvimento de ações intersetoriais.

ABSTRACT This research aimed to identify and analyze the process of cross-sectorialcooperation in the Health at Schools Program in a cityin Pernambuco state. Through semi-structured interviews this qualitative research addressed health care and education professionals in the first 20 schools that joined the PSE since its launch in the city. Data were analyzed using content analysis proposed by Bardin, associated with the computer program NVivo ®, as well as field diary also being used. The survey revealed that the biggest dilemma is to operate a necessarily cross-sectorial policy explained in an environment with actors that have previously established sectorial agendas and without sufficient space for the correct implementation of the policy, which leads to difficulty in reconciling institutional times of the various sectors and the sector involvement and commitment, preventing the sustainability of actions. Changes are being implemented, but what can be seen is the lack of training and continuing education, besides the lack of protocols to guide the development of cross-sectorial actions.

A Interface entre a Atenção Primária e os Serviços Odontológicos de Urgência (SOU) no SUS: a interface entre níveis de atenção em saúde bucal / The Interface between Primary Care and Emergency Dental Services (SOU) in the SUS: the interface between levels of care in oral health

ResumoConsiderando que os serviços de urgência odontológica compõem a rede de referência e contrarreferência, interagindo na intersecção do atendimento primário, secundário e terciário, a presente pesquisa visou descrever a interface entre a atenção primária à saúde (APS), particularmente da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, e a atenção secundária em saúde bucal, utilizando-se dos Serviços Odontológicos de Urgência (SOU), no município do Recife. Trata-se de um estudo de caso qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo. A coleta de dados se deu a partir da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Foi utilizada a análise clássica do ALCESTE a partir do Dendograma de Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, permitindo compreender as expressões e cada uma das palavras pronunciadas pelos profissionais de odontologia, analisando-as a partir de seus lugares e inserções sociais. Evidenciamos uma frágil integração e pouca resolutividade entre os níveis de atenção, apresentando uma rede parcialmente desconectada. Indubitavelmente os problemas com a interface entre a atenção primária e os serviços de urgência em saúde bucal são múltiplos e complexos. As soluções individuais possuem baixa efetividade, sendo estas complexas em sua operacionalização.

AbstractConsidering that emergency dental services include the referral network and the counter-referral network, interacting at the intersection between primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare, this study aims to describe the interface between primary healthcare (APS – Atenção Primária a Saúde), particularly of the Family Health Strategy, and secondary care in oral health, using the Emergency Dental Services (SOU), in the municipality of Recife. It is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive case study. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews. Classical ALCESTE analysis was used based on the Descending Hierarchical Classification Dendrogram, making it possible to understand the expressions and each one of the words spoken by the dental health professionals, analyzing them using their social places and contexts as a starting point. What we found was only a fragile degree of integration, and little capacity for solution, between the levels of care – a partially disconnected network. Undoubtedly the problems with the interface between primary care and the emergency services in oral health are multiple and complex. The individual solutions have low efficacy, and are complex in their operation.

Avaliação da qualidade dos serviços prestados pelos Centros de Especialidades Odontológicas: visão dos usuários / Evaluation of quality of the services offered at the CEOs: users' side

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade dos serviços ofertados nos Centros de Especializações Odontológicas (CEOs) em Pernambuco, Brasil, na perspectiva da satisfação dos usuários. Trata-se de um estudo analítico, quantitativo, de caráter avaliativo, segundo o modelo Donabediano referente ao resultado. As entrevistas foram realizadas por meio da agregação de formulários previamente validados. A amostra foi composta pelos usuários presentes na sala de espera de cada CEO que tivessem sido submetidos a procedimento clínico ao menos uma vez, totalizando 156 usuários. A análise dos dados foi realizada por intermédio do programa estatístico SPSS, versão 13.0, em uma etapa descritiva e outra analítica. Na análise estatística foi utilizado o teste do χ2 de Pearson. Para todas as análises foi levado em consideração o nível de significância de 5%. Constatou-se que os usuários estão satisfeitos com a qualidade dos serviços prestados nos CEOs de Pernambuco. As variáveis "autopercepção de saúde" e "tipo de serviço" apresentaram associação positiva e estatisticamente significante com uma maior satisfação dos usuários, sendo esta maior entre os indivíduos que consideraram sua saúde bucal ruim e que frequentaram o Programa Saúde da Família (PSF).

The research has the purpose of analyzing the quality of the services offered at the CEO in Pernambuco, Brazil, in the perspective of the users' satisfaction. It is about an analytical/quantitative study with evaluative measures according to Donabedian's model referring to the result. The interviews were done through the junction of forms previously validated. The exposition was composed of the users who were present in the waiting room of every CEO that had submitted to the clinical procedure at least once, making a total of 156 users. The data analysis was checked at the statistical program SPSS, 13.0 version, in a descriptive and analytical step. In the statistical analysis, Pearson's χ2 was used. A level of 5% significance was taken into consideration for all the analysis. It was testified that the users had demonstrated satisfaction with the quality of the service rendered at the CEO in Pernambuco. The ideas of "self-perception of health" and "type of service" have been considered both positively and statistically significant with a clear satisfaction from the users, especially the ones who used to go regularly to the PSF and consider the oral health service bad.

Determinantes individuais e contextuais da carie em criancas brasileiras de 12 anos em 2010 / Determinantes individuales y contextuales de la caries en ninos brasilenos de 12 anos en 2010 / Individual and contextual determinants of dental caries in Brazilian 12-year-olds in 2010

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência e gravidade de cárie em crianças brasileiras e sua associação com fatores individuais e contextuais. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados os dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal (SBBrasil 2010), em uma amostra de 7.247 crianças de 12 anos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de exames clínicos e entrevistas. As variáveis dependentes foram as prevalências de cárie (dentes permanentes cariados, perdidos ou obturados [CPOD] ≥ 1 e CPOD ≥ 4). Foram realizadas análises bivariadas (teste de Rao-Scott) e multinível (regressão de Poisson). As variáveis individuais foram sociodemográficas, condição periodontal e relato de incômodo ao escovar os dentes. Os fatores contextuais foram a presença de água fluoretada, a porcentagem de domicílios ligados à rede de abastecimento de água e a renda mediana do município. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de CPOD ≥ 1 foi 56,0%. O CPOD médio foi igual a 2,04 (IC95% 1,76;2,31) e 22,2% das crianças tinham CPOD ≥ 4. A experiência de cárie foi significantemente mais elevada em crianças de cor de pele preta, parda e amarela; em famílias com renda mais baixa; em crianças com cálculo dentário ou sangramento gengival; e naquelas que relataram incômodo ao escovar. Viver em cidades sem água fluoretada, com menor cobertura da rede de abastecimento de água e com renda mediana baixa foram fatores contextuais associados à doença. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de cárie em crianças brasileiras de 12 anos foi baixa, de acordo com os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Houve significantes desigualdades geográficas e socioeconômicas nos níveis da doença. .

OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia y gravedad de la caries en niños brasileños y su asociación con factores individuales y contextuales. MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron los datos de la Investigación Nacional de Salud Bucal (SBBrasil2010), en una muestra de 7.247 niños de 12 años. Los datos fueron colectados por medio de exámenes clínicos y entrevistas. Las variables dependientes fueron las prevalencias de caries (dientes permanentes cariados, perdidos u obturados [CPOD] ≥1 y CPOD ≥4). Se realizaron análisis bivariados (prueba de Rao-Scott) y multinivel (regresión de Poisson). Las variables individuales fueron sociodemográficas, condición periodontal y relato de incomodidad al cepillarse los dientes. Los factores contextuales fueron la presencia de agua con flúor, el porcentaje de domicilios unidos a la red de abastecimiento de agua, y la renta mediana del municipio. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de CPOD≥1 fue 56,0%. El CPOD promedio fue igual a 2,04 (IC95% 1,76;2,31) y 22,2% de los niños tenían CPOD≥4. La experiencia de caries fue significativamente más elevada en niños de color de piel negra, parda y amarilla; en familias con renta más baja, en niños con cálculo dentario o sangramiento de las encías y en aquellas que relataron incomodidad al cepillarse. Vivir en ciudades sin agua con flúor, con menor cobertura de la red de abastecimiento de agua y con renta mediana baja fueron factores contextuales asociados a la enfermedad. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de caries en niños brasileños de 12 años fue baja, de acuerdo con los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Hubo desigualdades geográficas y socioeconómicas significativas en los niveles de la enfermedad. .

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and severity of dental caries in Brazilian children and the association with individual and contextual factors. METHODS: Data were taken from the Brazilian Oral Health Survey (SBBrasil 2010) a sample of 7,247 12-year-olds. The data were collected using clinical examinations and interviews. The dependent variables were the prevalence of dental caries (decayed, missing and filled teeth [DMFT] ≥ 1 and DMFT ≥ 4). Bivariate (Rao Scott test) and multivariate (Poisson regression) analyses were carried out. The individual variables were sociodemographic variables, periodontal health and reporting discomfort while brushing. Contextual factors were the presence of water fluoridation, the percentage of residences connected to the water supply and median income of the municipality. RESULTS: The prevalence of DMFT ≥ 1 was 56.0%. Mean DMFT was 2.04 (95%CI 1.76;2.31) and 22.2% of children had DMFT ≥ 4. Caries experience was significantly more common in children with black, brown or yellow skin; in low-income families; in children with dental calculus or bleeding gums and in those who reported discomfort while brushing. Living in towns with fluoridated tap water, with low coverage of water supply and with low median income were contextual factors associated with the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of dental caries in Brazilian 12-year-olds was low, according to World Health Organization criteria. There were significant geographical and socioeconomic inequalities in levels of the disease. .

Avaliação de Serviços Odontológicos de Urgência (SOU): a visão dos gestores, gerentes e profissionais / An evaluation of the urgent Dental Services Units (UDS): the view of health managers, supervisors and professionals

Objetivo: Avaliar, sob a ótica de gestores / gerentes e profissionais, a qualidade dos Serviços Odontológicos de Urgência (SOU) da cidade do Recife, Brasil. Métodos: A coleta de dados foi por meio de questionários e as análises estatísticas foram do tipo exploratória-descritivo. Resultados: Os aspectos estruturais do serviço foram considerados satisfatórios, bem como evidenciado que há disponibilidade de prontuários, entretanto destaca-se a inexistência de protocolo clínico. Quanto ao perfil de atendimento, de acordo com os profissionais, 87,5% citaram como queixa principal a dor dentária, sendo a abertura coronária o procedimento mais realizado (59,4%). No que tange à referência e contrarreferência, o acesso ao SOU se dá exclusivamente pela demanda espontânea, e há garantia de referência para serviços de maior complexidade. Quanto ao monitoramento e avaliaçÆo do próprio serviço, 66,6% dos gestores desconhecem a existência de metas de produçÆo para avaliaçÆo do SOU, 77,8% nÆo estabelecem e/ou utilizam de mecanismos para avaliar o grau de satisfaçÆo do usuário com o serviço e nÆo sabe se há no Plano Orçamento Anual, metas ou rubricas financeiras ao SOU. ConclusÆo: Os SOU da cidade do Recife/PE, de acordo com informaçães colhidas junto aos gestores e profissionais, cumprem o seu papel de atendimento de urgência...

Objective: To evaluate the quality of Urgent Dental Services Units (UDS) in Recife, PE, Brazil from the point of view of health managers/supervisors and professionals was evaluated. Method: Data collection was undertaken by questionnaires and statistical analyses were exploratory and descriptive.Results: The structural aspects of the UDS were considered satisfactory and clinical files were easily available even though it should be highlighted the lack of clinical protocols. In the opinion of professionals with regard to dental care profile, complaints on toothache were prevalent (87.5%) and coronal access was the most performed procedure (59.4%). As far as reference and counter-reference are concerned, exclusively spontaneous demand characterized the access of the population to the UDS. There is a reference guarantee for services of higher complexity. With regards to follow up and evaluation of the services, 66.6% of the managers are not aware of productivity targets for UDS evaluation and 77.8% do not establish or use mechanisms to evaluate the level of users? satisfaction with regard to the services offered at the units. Neither do they know whether there are targets or financial assets in the UDS Annual Budget Plan.Conclusion: According to information collected from managers/supervisors and professionals, the UDS of the city of Recife comply with their role in urgent dental care...

Avaliação do cumprimento de atenção secundária em saúde bucal / Evaluating the fulfillment of secondary attention in oral health care

Objetivos: Avaliar o cumprimento da atenção secundária em saúde bucal em Pernambuco, nos CEO (Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas implantado até 31 de dezembro de 2007). Há diversas finalidades em avaliar um serviço de saúde, seja para um efetivo direcionamento de recursos, aprimoramento do sistema ou verificar a qualidade do serviço. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, com caráter avaliativo, utilizando características estruturais (antecipação financeira, tempo de implantação, tipo de CEO e cobertura pela ESF) e contextuais (porte populacional e IDH) dos CEO implantados em Pernambuco. Foram analisados, ainda, dados secundários da produção ambulatorial, critérios e normas instituídas para implantação dos CEO. A variável dependente utilizada foi o indicador denominado Cumprimento da Atenção Secundária em Saúde Bucal, as variáveis independentes se referiram às características dos serviços e dos municípios. Resultados: A relação entre o Cumprimento da Atenção Secundária em Saúde Bucal e as variáveis estruturais apontou que dentre os CEO Tipo I, a maioria (63,6%) não cumpriu o indicador avaliado. Serviços com tempo superior a um ano de credenciamento cumpriram o indicador (81%). Verificou-se que 90% dos CEO que não solicitaram antecipação financeira cumpriram o indicador. Dentre as características contextuais, a maioria dos municípios de grande porte (78,6%) cumpriu a atenção secundária em saúde bucal e para os municípios com cobertura acima de 50% de ESB no PSF a maioria (62.5%) não cumpriu o indicador avaliado. Conclusão: O cumprimento da atenção secundária em saúde bucal está associado a fatores estruturais e contextuais dos serviços avaliados.

Objective: To evaluate the secondary attention of the dental health services in Pernambuco, Brazil at the CEOs (public specialized dental clinics) established until December 31, 2007. There are different goals for the evaluation of a health service: orientations for an effective use of resources, improvement of the system, or service quality inspection. Methods: This study was a descriptive and quantitative research with evaluative nature, which used structural (financial anticipation, period for implantation, kind of CEO and Family Health Strategy coverage) and contextual (population behavior and HDR - Human Development Report) characteristics of the CEOs established in state of Pernambuco. Additionally were also analyzed secondary data of outpatient production, the rules and criteria set up for CEO implantation. The dependent variable was the indicator named fulfillment of the secondary attention in oral health care, and the independent variable referred to the characteristics of the service and districts. Results: The relationship between the secondary attention in oral health care and the structural variables pointed that most type 1 CEOs (63.6%) have not fulfilled the evaluated indicator. Clinics with more than 1 (one) year accreditation fulfilled the indicator (81%). It was noticed that 90% of the CEOs that had not requested the financial anticipation fulfilled the indicator. Regarding contextual characteristics, most of the large districts (78.6%) have fulfilled the secondary attention in oral health care and most (62.5%) the districts with coverage above 50% of health care team in the Family Health Strategy, did not fulfill the indicator. Conclusion: The fulfillment of the secondary attention in oral health care is associated to the structural and contextual factors of the evaluated services.

Aspectos metodológicos do Projeto SBBrasil 2010 de interesse para inquéritos nacionais de saúde / Relevant methodological issues from the SBBrasil 2010 Project for national health surveys

O Projeto SBBrasil 2010 (SBB10) foi concebido como um levantamento epidemiológico em saúde bucal, de base nacional, dentro da estratégia de vigilância em saúde. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar aspectos da metodologia do SBB10 que possam contribuir para ampliar e desenvolver conhecimentos na área de saúde. Com relação ao plano amostral, trata-se de uma pesquisa por conglomerados e com múltiplos estágios. Capitais e municípios do interior das cinco regiões brasileiras compõem os domínios da amostra, cujas unidades amostrais foram, respectivamente, setor censitário e domicílio para as capitais, e município, setor censitário e domicílio para o interior. Nas capitais foram sorteados 30 setores e, no interior de cada região, 30 municípios. A precisão considerou os domínios agrupados segundo o grau de densidade no total da população e a variabilidade interna dos índices. Foram avaliadas as condições de cárie dentária, doença periodontal, oclusopatias, fluorose, traumatismo dentário e edentulismo em cinco grupos etários (5, 12, 15 a 19, 35 a 44 e 65 a 74 anos).

The SBBrasil 2010 Project (SBB10) was designed as a nationwide oral health epidemiological survey within a health surveillance strategy. This article discusses methodological aspects of the SBB10 Project that can potentially help expand and develop knowledge in the health field. This was a nationwide survey with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling. The sample domains were 27 State capitals and 150 rural municipalities (counties) from the country's five major geographic regions. The sampling units were census tracts and households for the State capitals and municipalities, census tracts, and households for the rural areas. Thirty census tracts were selected in the State capitals and 30 municipalities in the countryside. The precision considered the demographic domains grouped by density of the overall population and the internal variability of oral health indices. The study evaluated dental caries, periodontal disease, malocclusion, fluorosis, tooth loss, and dental trauma in five age groups (5, 12, 15-19, 35-44, and 65-74 years).

Avaliação da atenção secundária em saúde bucal: uma investigação nos centros de especialidades do Brasil / Evaluation of secondary care in oral health: a study of specialty clinics in Brazil

Este trabalho discorre a respeito da avaliação da atenção secundária no âmbito da vigilância em saúde. Estudo descritivo, de caráter avaliativo normativo. Para análise de desempenho, foram utilizados dados secundários, com base na série histórica da produção de procedimentos odontológicos realizados nos CEO implantados no país e registrados pelo SIA/SUS no ano de 2007, e dados primários, pela visita in loco de 10% dos serviços implantados, com uso de questionários dirigidos à equipe profissional do CEO. Dentre os CEO analisados, observou-se que na maioria das regiões houve dificuldade no cumprimento das metas relativas à quantidade de procedimentos a serem informados no SIA/SUS. Sendo a Região Norte com menor percentual de serviços implantados. O indicador Cumprimento da Atenção Secundária em Saúde Bucal foi de 64,4%. Os CEO tipo III tiveram melhores resultados para o desempenho e cumprimento das metas. Foi evidenciada a necessidade de revisão no marco legal para a implantação dos CEO pela readequação dos critérios e normas, como também definições de novos padrões e cumprimento de metas para avaliação e monitoramento desses serviços.

This article discusses the evaluation of secondary care in the area of health surveillance. This was a descriptive and normative/evaluative study. Performance analysis drew on secondary data, based on a historical series of dental procedures conducted at the specialized dental clinics implemented in Brazil and recorded by the Outpatient Information System of the Unified National Health System (SIA/SUS) in 2007, as well as primary data from site visits to the clinics, based on questionnaires completed by clinic staff. Performance of the clinics was poor in most regions of the country, and the North of Brazil had the lowest percentage of specialty services implemented. The indicator "Performance of Secondary Care in Oral Health" was 64.4%. The type 3 specialty clinics showed better results in terms of performance and achievement of targets. The study showed the need to review the legal framework for implementing specialized dental clinics by adjusting the criteria and norms, as well as definition of new standards for achievement of goals in the evaluation and monitoring of these services.